(摘要) 美国家庭基金会成员、 精神卫生咨询师和社会工作者Livia Bardin女士 2003年11月,中国 I am a social worker. In the US, a social worker is a mental hea- lth professional whose training focuses on people in their envi- ronments. This means we work not only with individuals, but with the social surroundings一home, j ob, community, in which our clients live and work. Therefore, my interest in cults nat- orally led me to look at the damage done to families, friends, and communities, and also how families, friends and communi- ties can play a role in helping the cult member to leave. 我是一个社会工作者。在美国,社会工作者是研究心理卫生的专业人员。 他们主要研究在各种环境下生活的人们。这就是说,我们不但与人打交道,还 要研究周围的社会环境—家庭、职业、社区等。我们的服务对象就是在这些 环境中生活和工作的。所以,我对邪教的研究自然地使我关注邪教对家庭、朋 友和社区带来的破坏,以及家庭、朋友和社区在帮助邪教成员离开邪教所起的 作用。 Why people join cults:人们为什么参加邪教 A. They do not join "cults." They join churches,self-improvement, therapy groups, etc.邪教成员认为,他们参加的不是“邪教”,而是教会,是自我提高、治疗的团体等。 探求和分析加人邪教的原因: 1. Undue influence and deception may be factors不适当的影响和欺骗是其中的因素。 2. No evidence that incidence of mental illness is greaterin cult members than in general society.没有证据表明邪教成员的精神疾病比一般社会人群的精神疾病更严重。 B. They join these groups because they are vulnerable. Thegroup appears to offer them something lacking in their lives.It is a human instinct to seek meaning and purpose in life. 他们参加邪教是因为他们比较脆弱。邪教组织向他们提供生活中缺乏的东西。人的本性是寻找生活的意义和目的。 Langone’s 10 factors (Psychiatric Times, July, 1996. 美国家庭基金会《邪教问题研究》主编Langone博士 关于人们参加邪教的10种原因: High level of stress or dissatisfaction高度的精神压力或不满 Frustrated spiritual searching由于失落而寻找精神寄托 Cultural disillusionment文化传统上的幻灭 Lack of self-confidence缺乏自信 Unassertiveness优柔寡断 Desire to belong to a group希望归属某个群体 Susceptibility to trance-like states很容易进人恍惚状态、易感性 Low tolerance of ambiguity认知绝对化,对模糊的事物耐受力较低 Gullibility容易受骗 Naive idealism天真的理想主义 Why people leave cults人们为什么离开邪教 Research consistently says most leave of their own accord. 研究表明,大多数人都是自愿离开邪教的。 Most recent report from Wellspring (Marshall, October, 2003, Unpublished)从Wellspring康复和咨询中心最新的报告 (2003年10月,Marshall,未出版发行) N= 215人
离开的方式 Mode of leaving NUmber PerCent % 自愿离开 Walked away 144 67 |